HTML and XHTML are two markup languages used for creating web pages. HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language, while XHTML stands for Extensible HyperText Markup Language. Both languages have their own advantages and disadvantages, and choosing between them depends on the specific needs of the project.
HTML is the standard markup language used for creating web pages. It was first introduced in 1991 and has undergone several revisions since then. HTML is a markup language that uses tags to define the structure and content of a web page. It is a simple language that is easy to learn and use.
XHTML is a stricter version of HTML that follows the rules of XML. It was introduced in 2000 and is based on the same syntax as HTML. XHTML is designed to be more structured and well-formed than HTML. It requires all tags to be closed and all attributes to be quoted. XHTML is also case-sensitive, which means that all tags and attributes must be written in lowercase.
HTML and XHTML are both used for creating web pages, but they have some differences in syntax and structure. HTML is a more lenient language that allows for some errors and inconsistencies in the code. XHTML, on the other hand, is a stricter language that requires all tags to be closed and all attributes to be quoted. XHTML also requires all elements to be properly nested and all tags to be written in lowercase.
Another difference between HTML and XHTML is the way they handle deprecated elements and attributes. HTML allows for deprecated elements and attributes to be used, while XHTML does not. Deprecated elements and attributes are those that have been replaced by newer, more modern alternatives. Using deprecated elements and attributes can cause compatibility issues with some browsers and devices.
Here are some examples of HTML and XHTML code:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>My Web Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to my web page!</h1>
<p>This is some text on my web page.</p>
</body>
</html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>My Web Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to my web page!</h1>
<p>This is some text on my web page.</p>
</body>
</html>
As you can see, the main difference between the two code examples is the syntax. The HTML code is more lenient and allows for some errors and inconsistencies, while the XHTML code is stricter and requires all tags to be closed and all attributes to be quoted.